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Tutorials: Halftone

This tutorial aims to use vector halftones in various ways to produce a bank note theme.

Along the way, it will be using the Halftone Filter and Effect tools present in Phantasm CS Designer and Studio, as well as the Levels and Curves color editing tools. There will be no need to exit Illustrator to perform additional tasks.

It also makes use of the Live Trace tool introduced in Illustrator CS2 as well as the Envelope Distort function which will be used to help generate the background halftone wave effect.

The final image may be previewed below:

Stage 1

The basis of this artwork is a panorama of a beautiful French bridge. The original high-resolution image is reduced in size and presented here:

To download the image (copyright Astute Graphics Limited, 2008), please click here.

Create a new CMYK document, 22.22 x 7.22 inches, and place this image within it, ensuring that it is embedded as opposed to being linked and that it is scaled to fit the page size fully.

Select the image within the Illustrator document and open the Live Trace window (Object » Live Trace » Tracing Options...). The options chosen were based on the "Color 16" default, but with Max Colors set to 32. Select Trace to produce a vector version of the image and expand the trace to ensure that it is purely vector (Object » Live Trace » Expand).

The reason the image is being vector traced is to allow for warping in segments, which will be covered next.

Stage 2

Because we are looking for repeated waves in the halftone effect to better emulate the security design found on many banknotes, we need to split the traced artwork into sections so that each may be warped individually.

Before we proceed to creating the design, we first need to check that an image can be warped and then "unwarped". The reason for taking these steps is that the Haltone tool is able to produce straight "line cut" type results, but not in a wave form. Therefore, by first warping the artwork, applying the Halftone and then "unwarping", the result should be a wavy Halftone.

To demonstrate this, take a look at the following image (zoom to enlarge). You may also download the original Illustrator file by clicking here...

From this test, it is proved that a "Flag" Envelope distort of +8% can be brought back to its original form by re-applying at -6%.

The next step is to divide the traced image into blocks, each to produce one wave cycle. In this example, it was decided to produce 6 waves. To divide this up, a new layer was created and a rectangle was drawn exactly over the traced image (this is easily done if View » Smart Guides are enabled). The rectangle was then made 1/6th of its width by using Illustrator Transform palette (the aspect ratio "chain" was disabled and "/6" was typed at the end of the width value and Enter pressed).

The rectangle was then duplicated so that six copies fitted perfectly across the document. (The method chosen and shown above was to create a blend between two such rectangles at each end, with 4 steps specified. But equally, this could have been done manually.)

The rectangles were then ungrouped so that they could be selected individually.

Stage 3

Duplicate the layer containing the traced image (the six rectangles should be in a separate layer) and then copy the left-hand rectangle and place it in exactly the same location in the new duplicate layer.

In this example the duplicate layer was renamed simply to "1" as other copies will follow. You may also wish to lock the other layers (the original traced image and the rectangles layer) while performing the following task...

Select the duplicate traced image (which should be a group) and the copy of left-hand rectangle and then click on the Pathfinder palette's Crop button whilst holding Alt down (this automatically expands the pathfinder operation).

This may take a short while to process.

The result should be a segment of the traced image, the size and location of the left-hand rectangle.

Stage 4

With the resultant segment of the traced image selected, open the Warp Options window (Object » Envelope Distort » Make with Warp...). Opt for Style: Flag, ensure Horizontal is selected, a bend of +8% and no Distortion. OK this.

The Illustrator file showing the stage may be downloaded by clicking here...

Before continuing, expand this warp (Object » Envelope Distort » Expand) so that it may be re-warped later.

Stage 5

Apply a Halftone live Effect (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Halftone...) to the warped artwork as shown below:

The settings for this Halftone may be downloaded by clicking here...

Stage 6

To revert the distorted image, an opposite warp is applied.

With the Halftoned artwork selected, open the Warp Options window once more (Object » Envelope Distort » Make with Warp...). Opt for Style: Flag, ensure Horizontal is selected, a bend of -6% and no Distortion. OK this.

The result should be a Halftoned segment of the original artwork, but with a wavy Halftone line effect.

Stage 7

Copy the original left-hand rectangle once more and paste in front (Edit » Paste in Front) of the Halftoned artwork, in its same layer. Select the Halftoned artwork and the rectangle and apply a clipping mask (Object » Clipping Mask » Make or right/Ctrl-click for the context-sensitive menu). This ensures that any Halftone effect that spills beyond its designated boundary is not visible.

The Illustrator file showing the stage may be downloaded by clicking here...

Stage 8

Repeat steps 3 to 7 for the five remaining segments.

You may need to nudge each segment up or down a fraction in order to ensure that each halftone wave meets the next one perfectly.

The Illustrator file showing the stage may be downloaded by clicking here...

Stage 9

Delete the layers containing the original vector traced image and the rectangles and combine the six artwork segments into one layer.

Create a new layer underneath, lock the top layer (and its Halftoned artwork) and re-import the original JPEG image (embedded, not linked), scaling to fit the document once more.

With the image selected, open the Phantasm CS live Effect Curves window (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Curves...) and drop the top right curve node down to an Output value of 5 as shown below:

This should lighten the image considerably and helps define the overall artwork.

Stage 10

Next, we are going to add the figure to the right of the artwork. Lock all existing layers and then create a new layer, set at the top of the layer stack and place this image (embedded, not linked).

Scale approximately as shown below:

Stage 11

With the figure image selected, open the Phantasm CS Halftone live Effect window (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Halftone...) and use the settings shown below. Note that the Origin X and Y values have been fine-tuned so that the centre of the Halftone Radial effect coincides with the mouth. To adjust further, remember that holding down Shift whilst using the up/down buttons jumps the value in increments of 10.

The settings for this Halftone may be downloaded by clicking here...

Stage 12

Copy and paste in front the Halftoned figure and edit the Halftone settings by double-clicking on the entry in the Appearance palette.

The settings are very similar, but note that the Origin has been set to top left (small grid icon) and the Dot Gain curve has been further altered.

The settings for this Halftone may be downloaded by clicking here...

Stage 13

To boost the clarity of the Halftoned figure, a diffused semi-transparent white background area will be created.

Select the top Halftoned figure object, copy and paste in front. In the Appearance palette, select and delete the Halftone entry (this should then display the original figure image).

With the image selected, apply a 10px Gaussian Blur (Effect » Blur » Gaussian Blur...). Next, apply a Levels color adjustment (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Levels...) as shown below:

The settings for this Levels Effect may be downloaded by clicking here...

Finally for this figure, set the Transparency to 75% (Normal blend mode) and send to the back of the stack, behind both Halftoned figures.

Stage 14

Lock all layers and temporarily hide them. Duplicate the layer containing the faded image (which should be the bottom layer) and move the new layer to the top of the stack, unlock and un-hide.

Select the image and remove the previously applied Curve via the Appearance palette. Draw a rectangle over this image, fill with a linear gradient from black to white. Select both the rectangle and the obscured image (Select » All should allow this) and opt for Make Transparency Mask from the Transparency palette's pull-down menu.

You may wish to tick Invert Mask in the Transparency palette to approximate the image below:

Don't worry if the image doesn't blend out the same. To adjust the black to white gradient which defines the transparency, click on the right-hand thumbnail in the Transparency palette, select the graduated rectangle and adjust using the Gradient Tool. Try to approximate the image shown above.

Once happy with this, ensure you click on the left-hand thumbnail in the Transparency window once more in order to continue editing the artwork as normal.

Stage 15

Un-hide all layers, but keep all others apart from the top one locked.

With the image selected, open the Phantasm CS live Effect Curves window (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Curves...) and drop the top right curve node down to an Output value of 70 as shown below:

Stage 16

With the color-adjusted image still selected, open the Phantasm CS Duotone window (Effect » Phantasm CS Designer | Studio » Duotone...) and apply the setting as shown below:

The settings for this Duotone may be downloaded by clicking here...

Note that as a process (CMYK) color is specified, Phantasm CS automatically applies the live Effect as a transparency. This helps the image blend into the overall artwork more effectively.

Conclusion

The resultant artwork should resemble that shown below (click to expand):

A copy of the Illustrator file may be downloaded by clicking here. Note that many of the live Effects remain in-tact.

A PDF copy of the end result may also be downloaded by clicking here. It is possible to turn the sections of the artwork on and off using the PDF layers control.